Xylene weight loss
An average xylene concn of 0. Xylene can enter the environment when it is made, packaged, shipped, or used. Medical Toxicology - Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. Xylene also occurs naturally in petroleum and coal tar and is formed during forest fires, to a small extent. After exposure, changes in the dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine (ACH), CAMP, CGMP, GCBA, Gln, Asp, Tau, Gly, and Ala content of different areas of the brain were investigated. Results of studies in animals indicate that large amounts of xylene can cause changes in the liver and harmful effects on the kidneys, lungs, heart, and nervous system. Can be absorbed through the skin, but harmful effects are not expected. 5% of the labor force. Typical levels of xylene measured in indoor air range from 1 to 10 ppb. Morphological studies of livers from rats exposed to relatively high concentrations showed marked proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum with little changes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The effects of xylenes have not been studied in children, but it is likely that they would be similar to those seen in exposed adults. OSHA regulates levels of xylene in the workplace. In general, these developmental effects occur at exposure levels much higher than those typically seen in the background environment, levels high enough to also harm the mother. The incidence of extra ribs in fetuses increased, however, none of the concn were teratogenic. Reproductive Toxicity: Not known to be a reproductive hazard. The amount of xylene retained ranges from 50 to 75% of the amount of xylene that you inhale. You can be exposed to a substance only when you come in contact with it. A study from 1979-1987 calculated the average exposure to xylenes in paint manufacturing plants as 2. The data were collated and analyzed according to the predetermined criteria of age, sex, mode and circumstances of use, clinical effect and outcome. Any xylene that does not evaporate quickly from soil or water is broken down by small organisms. They will provide further information about what to do in case of Xylene exposure. Atlanta, GA: U. Breathing vapors from these types of products can expose you to xylene. No deaths or clinical signs of toxicity were recorded in rats. Exposure of pregnant women to high levels of xylene may cause harmful effects to the fetus. These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances. Using their case registry, the authors interviewed parents of 707 children with congenital heart disease who, between 1969 and 1987, 1) conceived their child in the Tucson Valley, and 2) spent the month before the first trimester and the first trimester of the case pregnancy in the Tucson Valley. Sometimes these not-to-exceed levels differ among federal organizations because they used different exposure times (an 8-hour workday or a 24-hour day), different animal studies, or other factors. No health effects have been noted at the background levels that people are exposed to on a daily basis. When a substance is released either from a large area, such as an industrial plant, or from a container, such as a drum or bottle, it enters the environment. Has been associated with: low birth weight or size, learning disabilities. Xylene does not appear to be a mutagen or carcinogen. For the most current information, check with the federal agency or organization that provides it. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cytochrome c reductase activity and O-deethylation of 7-ethoxyresorufin in liver microsomes were detected already at an exposure level of 75 ppm. Maternal inhalation of individual isomers was associated with all the above mentioned effects, with the exception of cleft palate. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites in the nation. This chemical has not been found in people exposed to xylene. ( Draft for Public Comment ). Xylene is a liquid, and it can leak into soil, surface water (creeks, streams, rivers), or groundwater. Xylene is most likely to enter your body when you breathe xylene vapors. Usually, most of the xylene that is taken in leaves the body within 18 hours after exposure ends. Along with other solvents, xylene is also widely used as a cleaning agent, a thinner for paint, and in varnishes. These different forms are referred to as isomers. If a large amount of xylene enters soil from an accidental spill, a hazardous waste site, or a landfill, it may travel through the soil and contaminate drinking water wells. With this in mind, the best of breed air purifier for Xylene removal from indoor air is IQAir GC Chemisorber Multigas or VOC. Xylene passes into the blood soon after entering the body. Little information exists about the amount of xylene in surface water and soil. 8 Is there a medical test to determine whether I have been exposed to xylene. Affected wells were closed after discovery of contamination. Intalagio printing and Silk-Screen Printing are also activities that may result in Xylene exposure. Xylene does not accumulate significantly in the human body. Xylene is not commonly found in drinking water. Malformations (ie cleft palate) associated with mixed or individual isomers were primarily reported at maternally toxic doses. The EPA has proposed a recommended maximum level of 10 ppm xylene in drinking water. To protect people from the potential harmful health effects of xylene, EPA regulates xylene in the environment. You should call if you have any questions about Xylene poisoning or Xylene poison prevention. This information is important because these sites may be sources of exposure and exposure to this substance may harm you. The degree of induction was significant at an exposure level of 250 ppm and maximal (2. Quickly take off contaminated clothing, shoes and leather goods (e. It is rapidly absorbed by your lungs after you breathe air containing it. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Orally administered technical xylene mixtures did not result in significant increases in incidences in tumor responses in rats or mice of both sexes. Dermal application resulted in apparent changes in fetal enzyme activities, while oral treatment was followed by prenatal mortality, growth inhibition, and malformations, primarily cleft palate. However, bone formation was retarded in the fetuses at all 3 concn, and the number of nephrons with enzyme activity and the activity. There are no conclusive studies showing developmental effects of xylenes in humans. More than 90% is biotransformed to methylhippuric acid, which is excreted in urine. However, animal studies showed that xylene absorbed by the mother can cross the placenta and reach the fetus. Exposure to this chemical and loud noise may cause greater hearing loss than expected from noise exposure alone. Acute exposure to high concentrations of xylene can result in CNS effects and irritation in humans. The 15 min operant sessions immediately followed 30 min exposures to solvent vapors (500 to 7000 ppm), or air, in static inhalation chambers. If you are exposed to xylene, many factors will determine whether you will be harmed. Urine samples were collected at the end of the shift and analyzed for metabolites by HPLC. Scientists have the responsibility to treat research animals with care and compassion. However, levels of xylene in contaminated groundwater have been reported to be as high as 10,000 ppb. If your doctor finds that you have been exposed to substantial amounts of xylene, ask whether your children might also have been exposed. Sometimes older children sniff household chemicals in attempt to get high. All local poison control centers in the U. 9 ppm for ethylbenzene. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Group 3 - Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. There is a high degree of agreement between exposure to xylene and the levels of xylene breakdown products in the urine. In case of emergencies involving Xylene contact your local emergency services or The National Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. Symptoms may include headache, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness and confusion. Drawings of the three different isomers are shown in Chapter 4. Short-term exposure to very high concentrations of xylene causes death in animals, as well as muscular spasms, incoordination, hearing loss, changes in behavior, changes in organ weights, and changes in enzyme activity. Toxicological profile for Xylene. Inhalation: Take precautions to prevent a fire (e. 1 ppm was detected in the breathing zones of paint shops sampled in the US(2). Only very small amounts are taken up by plants, fish, and birds. Some unchanged xylene also leaves in the breath from the lungs within a few seconds after xylene is absorbed. May cause drowsiness and dizziness. top 1. Acute exposure to high concentrations of xylene can result in CNS effects and irritation in humans. Direct liquid contact may result in flaky or moderate dermatitis. In many instances, these same high concentrations also cause damage to the mothers. At high concentrations, xylene vapor may cause severe breathing difficulties which may be delayed in onset. Also, in case of suspected poisoning, take the container with you to the hospital, if possible. It is primarily used as a solvent (a liquid that can dissolve other substances) in the printing, rubber, and leather industries. Occupational experience reveals complaints of dermatitis, eczema, and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract but rarely serious illness. Can accumulate in hazardous amounts in low-lying areas especially inside confined spaces. It is proven to be one of the most effective air cleaners on the market today and will likely clean your air of both solids and gases such as Xylene and Formaldehyde with the highest efficiency compared to other air purifiers. You must also consider any other chemicals you are exposed to and your age, sex, diet, family traits, lifestyle, and state of health. Both the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and EPA have found that there is insufficient information to determine whether or not xylene is carcinogenic and consider xylene not classifiable as to its human carcinogenicity. The chronic toxicity appears to be relatively low in laboratory animals. Skin contact with products containing xylene, such as solvents, lacquers, paint thinners and removers, and pesticides may also expose you to xylene. top 1. 12 Xylene MSDS Information A free Xylene MSDS is coming very soon. Long-term exposure of animals to low concentrations of xylene has not been well studied, but there is some information that long-term exposure of animals can cause harmful effects on the kidney (with oral exposure) or on the nervous system (with inhalation exposure). Absorption of xylene through the skin also occurs rapidly following direct contact with xylene. However, high dose male rats gained 15% less and females gained 8% less weight than did the vehicle controls. Although no studies are available, it is likely that exposed children would be similar to adults in the uptake of xylenes by breathing or swallowing or through the skin. 9 ppm for p- xylene ), 0. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. Urine was collected over one 24-hr period for each worker. 2005. 3 ppm for painters and 0. Hazardous waste disposal sites and spills of xylene into the environment are also possible sources of exposure. The 8 hour TWA exposure to xylenes for personnel at organic solvent recycling plants was measured as 1 ppm(4). When it is, the levels of xylene are typically below 2 ppb. Xylene may remain in groundwater for several months before it is finally broken down by small organisms. IRRITANT. Call a Poison Centre or doctor if the victim feels unwell. 5 How can xylene affect my health. top 1. 1 ppm for m- xylene, and 0. Subjects were exposed primarily to xylene although exposure to 11 other solvents was possible. Scientists have found that the three forms of xylene and xylene mixtures have very similar effects on health. Medical tests are available to determine if you have been exposed to xylene at higher-than-normal levels. More than 90% is biotransformed to methylhippuric acid, which is excreted in urine. The term total xylenes refers to all three isomers of xylene ( m -, o -, and p -xylene). American Conference for Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): A4 - Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. In people and laboratory animals, xylene is broken down into other chemicals especially in the liver. Studies of unborn animals indicate that high concentrations of xylene may cause increased numbers of deaths, decreased weight, skeletal changes, and delayed skeletal development. Workers who routinely come in contact with xylene-containing solvents in the workplace are the population most likely to be exposed to high levels of xylene. Exposure to xylene as solvents (in paints or gasoline) can be reduced if the products are used with adequate ventilation and if they are stored out of the reach of small children. Medical Toxicology - Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 10 Where can I get more information. You may be exposed by breathing, eating, or drinking the substance, or by skin contact. EPA regulations require that a spill of 100 or more pounds of mixed xylenes or p -xylene or 1,000 pounds or more of m -xylene or o -xylene (new or used solvents) be reported to the Federal Government National Response Center. The above national hotline number will let you talk to experts in poisoning. In this report, the terms xylene, xylenes, and total xylenes will be used interchangeably. A survey of 97 autobody shops in the US reported the 8 hour TWA exposure to xylenes was 3.
Less often, xylene enters the body through the skin following direct contact. Exposure may also arise from consuming contaminated food and drinking water(SRC). One way to learn whether a chemical will harm people is to determine how the body absorbs, uses, and releases the chemical. However, a urine sample must be provided very soon (within hours) after exposure ends because xylene quickly leaves the body. MHA excretion was linearly correlated to the 8-hr TWA for xylene exposure after adjustment for body weight. Xylene is primarily released from industrial sources, in automobile exhaust, and during its use as a solvent. Those workers were exposed to levels of xylene in air far greater than the levels normally encountered by the general population. Since xylene evaporates easily, most xylene that gets into soil and water (if not trapped underground) is expected to go into the air where it is broken down by sunlight into other less harmful chemicals within a couple of days. Scientists use many tests to protect the public from harmful effects of toxic chemicals and to find ways for treating persons who have been harmed. Physical exercise increases the amount of xylene absorbed by the lungs. Small amounts of breakdown products of xylene have appeared in the urine of people as soon as 2 hours after breathing air containing xylene. Absorption of xylene vapor through the skin is estimated to be only 12% of the amount absorbed by the lungs. Causes moderate or severe skin irritation. These sites are then placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) and are targeted for long-term federal clean-up activities. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. 01 ppm in breathing zone locations(5). use this national number. Neurobehavioral symptoms were accompanied by irritation of the eyes, upper air ways and trachea. Xylene is one of the top 30 chemicals produced in the United States in terms of volume. Mixed xylene is a mixture of the three isomers and usually also contains 6-15% ethylbenzene. Children might be exposed to xylenes by inhaling fumes of gasoline or of paints or other products containing xylene as a solvent. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of xylenes. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet odor. Swallowing or absorption through skin would cause poisoning. This incr was of the same magnitude as after phenobarbital treatment. Absorption of xylene after eating food or drinking water containing it is both rapid and complete. Besides painters and paint industry workers, others who may be exposed to xylene include biomedical laboratory workers, distillers of xylene, wood processing plant workers, plastic composite manufacturing, semiconductor manufacturing industry, automobile garage workers, metal workers, petrochemical manufacturing, and furniture refinishers. Hypophysectomy alone was shown to cause significant increases in cytochrome p450 and cytochrome b5 content and epoxide hydrolase activity. Without laboratory animals, scientists would lose a basic method for getting information needed to make wise decisions that protect public health. 3 How might I be exposed to xylene. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of xylenes. g. There is suggestive evidence, however, that chronic CNS effects may occur in animals at moderate concentrations of xylene. Xylene has been found in at least 844 of the 1,662 current or former NPL sites. You are most likely to be exposed to xylene by breathing it in contaminated air. S. top 1. It is of importance to note that coal-based solvents (eg, xylene ) have been suggested to be possible potent lymphocytic leukemogens, such as benzene, in a limited study of the relationship between lymphocytic leukemia and exposures to benzene and other solvents in the rubber industry. May be drawn into the lungs if swallowed or vomited, causing severe lung damage. Ingestion: If large amounts are ingested: Can cause effects as described for inhalation. This sequence of events allowed investigation of the prevalence of congenital heart disease in children whose parents were exposed to the contaminated water area as compared with children whose parents were never exposed to the contaminated water area. The contaminated water area contained 8. Lab personnel are exposed to an average xylene concn of 0. The intensity of exposure measured by diffusive sampling during an 8-hr shift was such that the geometric mean vapor concn was 3. To order toxicological profiles, contact: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Phone: 800-553-6847 or 703-605-6000 top 1. The unborn animals may have reduced body weight and delayed bone mineralization when the mother is exposed to toxic levels of xylene. There is suggestive evidence, however, that chronic CNS effects may occur in animals at moderate concentrations of xylene. Xylene does not accumulate significantly in the human body. The higher the exposure and the longer the exposure to xylene, the greater the chance of harmful health effects. 6 ppm at hazardous waste facilities in the US(3). Castration of male rats influenced the response of xylene exposure only to a minor extent. The general population will be exposed to xylenes largely via inhalation of ambient air, particularly in areas with heavy traffic, near filling stations and near industrial sources such as refineries(SRC). Exposure to xylene may also take place if you eat or drink xylene-contaminated food or water. Xylene can also enter soil, water, or air in large amounts after an accidental spill or as a result of an environmental leak during storage or burial at a waste site. Xylene below the soil surface may travel down through the soil and enter underground water (groundwater). This guide includes FAQs, Public Health Statement, Material Safety Data, and Toxicology Information for Xylene. Xylene is used, to a lesser extent, as a material in the chemical, plastics, and synthetic fiber industries and as an ingredient in the coating of fabrics and papers. Talk with your children about the dangers of sniffing xylene. The federal government develops regulations and recommendations to protect public health. Xylene has been found in many types of foods at levels ranging from 1 to 100 ppb. The brain, liver, lung, and heart were affected. People exposed to very high levels of xylene for a short period of time have died. of succinic dehydrogenase, alkyl phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and glucose 6-phosphatase were decreased in fetuses at the highest concn. Since tiny gas molecules such as Xylene and Formaldehyde will pass right through HEPA filters, air cleaners for Xylene removal must contain advanced gas filters besides just efficient air purifier HEPA filters which catch the tiniest of particulates, but not gases. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, ornithine carbamoyltransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities were not elevated by these exposures. Xylene is also known as xylol or dimethylbenzene. Xylene is sometimes released into water and soil as a result of the use, storage, and transport of petroleum products. May harm the unborn child based on animal information. The participants in the study were 121 male workers engaged in dip-coating of metal parts who were predominantly exposed to three xylene isomers. Most of the information on health effects in humans exposed for long periods of time is from studies of workers employed in industries that make or use xylene. This section discusses potential health effects in humans from exposures during the period from conception to maturity at 18 years of age. Isomers of xylene are used in the manufacture of certain polymers (chemical compounds), such as plastics. Your doctor might need to ask your state health department to investigate. Alcohol or aspirin may produce false positive test results. 8 ppm for toluene, and 0. Effects of Long-Term (Chronic) Exposure: Can cause dry, red, cracked skin (dermatitis) following skin contact. In some cases, indoor levels of xylene can be higher than outdoor levels, especially in buildings with poor ventilation. Psychomotor tests were administered before, during, and after exposure. The IQ Air GC MultiGas is a Top Rated Air Purifier for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS). 6 How can xylene affect children. top 1. 5-fold incr) at 2000 ppm. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Orally administered technical xylene mixtures did not result in significant increases in incidences in tumor responses in rats or mice of both sexes. top 1. The EPA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are some federal agencies that develop regulations for toxic substances. The chronic toxicity appears to be relatively low in laboratory animals. One of the breakdown products of xylene, methylbenzaldehyde, is harmful to the lungs of some animals. Two men were comatose and one was dead on arrival after this prolonged exposure over 18 hours. Such a release does not always lead to exposure. IQ Air GC Chemisorber contains an impressive 12 pounds of the advanced Carbon-Potassium Permanganate filter media and has a very sophisticated gas filtration cartridge system plus highly efficient HEPA filtration for the removal of the tiniest of solid particulates as well. You may also come in contact with xylene from a variety of consumer products, including gasoline, paint, varnish, shellac, rust preventives, and cigarette smoke. Information from animal studies is not adequate to determine whether or not xylene causes cancer in humans. Although the total number of NPL sites evaluated for this substance is not known, the possibility exists that the number of sites at which xylene is found may increase in the future as more sites are evaluated. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. NIOSH has recommended an exposure limit (not legally enforceable) of 100 ppm of xylene averaged over a workday up to 10 hours long in a 40-hour workweek. For this reason, xylene is rarely found in high concentrations in topsoil or surface water (river, creeks) unless there has been a recent spill or continuing source of contamination. Recommendations provide valuable guidelines to protect public health, but cannot be enforced by law. These regulations match the recommendations (not legally enforceable) of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are two federal organizations that develop recommendations for toxic substances. Recommendations and regulations are also updated periodically as more information becomes available. Personal air samples were collected for each worker over the course of a complete workday. top 1. Some animal studies have shown that newborn babies that were exposed to xylene during pregnancy have problems after birth with motor coordination and spatial navigation. Scientists must comply with strict animal care guidelines because laws today protect the welfare of research animals. 8% of the Tucson Valley population and 4. This process changes most of the xylene that is breathed in or swallowed into a different form that is more water soluble and is rapidly removed from the body in urine. In 1981 groundwater for nearly identical area was found to be contaminated with trichloroethylene and to a lesser extent with dichloroethylene and chromium. 8 ppm for o- xylene, 2. Xylene is found in small amounts in airplane fuel and gasoline. Both a higher incidence of eye irritation and rate of eyeblink were reported by exposed subjects compared to controls, but the effects were mild. At hazardous waste sites, the most likely ways you can be exposed are: breathing xylene vapors, drinking well water contaminated with xylene, and direct contact of the skin with xylene. Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where xylenes are produced or used(SRC). These factors include the dose (how much), the duration (how long), and how you come in contact with it. : 1330-20-7 Other Names: Dimethylbenzene, Methyltoluene, Xylol (mixed isomers) Main Uses: Manufacture of other chemicals, fuel component, solvent. S. 7 ppm for non-painting personnel(6). These urinary measurements will determine if you have been exposed to xylene. Xylene does not appear to be a mutagen or carcinogen. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. 11 References Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Xylene and Hazardous Waste Sites This public health statement tells you about xylene and the effects of exposure to it. 8 ppm for xylenes (0. You may be exposed to xylene by drinking or eating xylene-contaminated water or food. Animal testing may also help identify health effects such as cancer or birth defects. Storage of xylene in fat or muscle may prolong the time needed for xylene to leave the body. Conclusions cannot be drawn from the limited studies available. Subjective reports of irritation, as well as polygraph records of eyeblink and respiration rate were recorded during 30 min exposures. CAS Registry No. Most xylene that is accidentally released evaporates into the air, although some is released into rivers or lakes. For some chemicals, animal testing may be necessary. Find Specific Chemical Information Fast Enter your search terms Submit search form. If products containing xylene are spilled on the skin, then the excess should be wiped off and the area cleaned with soap and water. Many of the effects seen after their exposure to xylene could have been caused by exposure to other chemicals that were in the air with xylene. Although there is no direct evidence, children may be more sensitive to acute inhalation exposure than adults because their narrower airways would be more sensitive to swelling effects (a reason that women may be more sensitive than men). Confirmation of xylene exposure is determined by measuring some of its breakdown products eliminated from the body in the urine. The o- and p- isomers appeared more hazardous to the offspring than did the m-isomer. Easy-to-read, question-and-answer fact sheets covering a wide range of workplace health and safety topics, from hazards to diseases to ergonomics to workplace promotion. Home Air Purifier Advice IQ Air Purifier Comparison Best Air Purifier Best Ionizer Whole House Filters Ozone Air Cleaners. 16 ppm and material handling personnel are exposed to an average xylene concn of 1. Xylene Hazards in Your Home, Testing, Air Purification, and Health Information Xylene is a toxic solvent and Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) found in many common household products such as paints, laquers, adhesives, rust preventers, thinners, gasoline, and permanent magic markers. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-Present. Inhalation of vapors may cause CNS excitation then depression, characterized by paresthesia, tremors, apprehension, impaired memory, weakness, nervous irritation, vertigo, headache, anorexia, nausea, and flatulence, and may lead to anemia and mucosal hemorrhage. 7 How can families reduce the risk of exposure to xylene. remove sources of ignition).
